Explanatory Synthesis

Sania Arsala Professor Anthony Pino English 101A 4 April 2013 The Source of Magic: Explanatory Synthesis Although there are numerous fantasies, â€Å"Cinderella† is a genuinely notable supernatural story delighted in and told by apparently a large number of societies around the globe. In the normal â€Å"Cinderella† fantasy, the Fairy Godmother mysteriously shows up and changes Cinderella from her down and out state into a delightful princess who lives cheerfully ever after with her Prince Charming. There are numerous adaptations of â€Å"Cinderella† from the various societies that have inserted enchantment into the pixie tale.The wellspring of that enchantment and tests contrasts in the manners it joins the Cinderella characters with her Prince Charming characters. Among the plenty of various cultures’ forms of â€Å"Cinderella,† Walt Disney utilizes the most well-known kind of fantasy enchantment. When the stepsisters go to the ball, Cinderella is wailing since she needs to go as well. Her Fairy Godmother unexpectedly shows up and assists Cinderella with planning for the ball. She mysteriously transforms a pumpkin into a mentor, mice into ponies, and the canine into a footman.One last significant enchantment spell is left to cast, and as the Fairy Godmother waves her enchantment wand and sings, â€Å"Salaga doola, Menchicka boola, Bibbidi bobbidi boo! † Cinderella’s worn out garments transform into a wonderful outfit. In any case, Cinderella is cautioned by the Fairy Godmother that she needs to leave the ball before the clock strikes 12 PM on the grounds that the spell will crush and everything will transform spirit into its unique structure. Cinderella must notice in what Fairy Godmother advised her or outcomes may follow.With the assistance of the Fairy Godmother, Cinderella can go to the ball, and she becomes hopelessly enamored with the ruler. Mr. Perfect is additionally frantically enamored with her and go es from house to house searching for her. As a result of the otherworldly change of Cinderella’s appearance, the prince’s just plan to discover his princess is by making each young lady take a stab at the glass shoe Cinderella abandoned at the ball. The utilization of enchantment permits the story to end cheerfully. Be that as it may, the Fairy Godmother doesn't show up in a portion of the other cultures’ â€Å"Cinderella† stories; she isn't the wellspring of magic.In the Native American variant of Cinderella, â€Å"Oochigeaskw, The Rough-Faced Girl,† no enchantment used to discover her ruler until after she meets the Invisible One. Not at all like in Disney’s rendition, her own two noxious sisters genuinely torment Oochigeaskw: â€Å"The insidious sister would consume her hands and feet with hot soot, and she was secured with scars from this treatment† (246). With no assistance from anybody, Oochigeaskw chooses to plan a dress for he rself out of sheets of birch bark.Even however Oochigeaskw doesn't look as wonderful as the Disney Cinderella, her internal excellence and aspiration make her effective in her crucial the need of a pixie back up parent to join her with the Invisible One. At the point when the Invisible One’s sister inquires as to whether she can see him, she reacts, â€Å"I do indeedâ€and he is brilliant! † (247). So, the Invisible One’s sister takes her home and washes her. Mysteriously, her scars vanish from her blameless body, her hair looks rich and smooth, and her eyes sparkle like stars.Oochigeaskw looks amazingly excellent and turns into the Invisible One’s adored spouse. Oochigeaskw’s persistence and constancy help her accomplish what she needs, the Invisible One. The wellspring of enchantment in this fantasy is the Invisible One’s sister. In spite of the fact that the sister uncovers Oochigeaskw’s genuine magnificence by washing her, this happens simply after Oochigeaskw finishes the crucial assessment. Undoubtedly, every â€Å"Cinderella† story has one of a kind enchantment and difficulties in it, yet the wellspring of enchantment and test is distinctive in each version.Whether it is a Fairy Godmother or the Invisible One’s sister, the fantasy is neither finished nor effective without their essence. Their enchantment and test emerge inquiries from perusers whether â€Å"Cinderella† and perfect suitor will ever rejoin, yet they despite everything have trust in a â€Å"happily-ever-after† finishing. One of the noteworthy distinction between the two fantasies is that Disney Cinderella shrouds her genuine self and magnificence to win the prince’s love rather Oochigeaskw needn't bother with material things to make her look wonderful so as to vanquish the Invisible One’s heart.Oochigeaskw didn't request the assistance of enchantment to give her satisfaction which was the Invisible one, rather she was honored with it. Then again, Cinderella and Prince Charming can join together and become one perpetually with the associate of enchantment. Further, despite the fact that the Native American â€Å"Cinderella† has an alternate story contrasted with the Disney form, the topic of enchantment and test given to â€Å"Cinderella† assists perusers with understanding it is a Cinderella story, as does the way that the two characters toward the end wed their cherished and live joyfully ever after.Readers can likewise reason that each â€Å"Cinderella† doesn't really require enchantment; with self-assurance and persistence one can accomplish their objectives and wants simply like Oochigeaskw. Work Cited â€Å"Oochigeaskw-The Rough-Faced Girl. † Writing and Reading Across The Curriculum, twelfth Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. Boston: Pearson, 2013. 245-247. Print. Award, Campbell. â€Å" Walt Disney’s Cinderella. † Writi ng and Reading Across The Curriculum, twelfth Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. Boston: Pearson, 2013. 247-249. Print.

Successful Implementation of the Change Process

Hierarchical supervisors are change the board instruments that are basic for executing change inside association trying to changing starting with one level then onto the next in accordance with an organization’s vital vision. Along these lines their jobs combined with suitable aptitudes and encounters are basic to fruitful change over.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Successful Implementation of the Change Process explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the prerequisites for a director to start and effectively change an association is an unmistakable and unambiguous comprehension of the ebb and flow position of an association, the purposes behind starting change, comprehend authoritative condition as far as the way of life, hierarchical conduct, forms engaged with the change procedure, and the connection between workers, the association, and the board (Harris Moran, 1987). An organizations’ situation must be surveyed befor e initiating change. Directors must guarantee change plans are all around structured and the execution precisely done to give a good input when an assessment is led of the new look associations (Christensen Donovan n.d). Outfitted with the aptitudes featured over, an authoritative administrator assumes different jobs in the change procedure. Among these is making the requirement for earnest change inside an association. Earnestness ought to be described by the real world and significance. At the point when hierarchical representatives see the requirement for change and related pertinence, the protection from change is limited and workforce vitality is productively enhanced in achieving change. Lobby and Hall (1990) contend that chiefs ought to comprehend that change can be passionate and may affect unfavorably on authoritative workers. Notwithstanding that, hierarchical officials comprehend that change can't be imitated without any assistance or through administration orders, in thi s way they comprehend the estimation of collaboration. The following job of a director realizing change is to make a group to impact the changes. At the point when individuals fill in as a group, the synergistic model demonstrates that better authoritative changes can be accomplished in a brief period. Notwithstanding that, cooperation improves worker efficiency and unity of direction in starting change. The made group should consolidate individuals of different encounters and aptitudes to guarantee effective changes. The following job is building up a reasonable vision that obviously imparts to both administration, hierarchical partners, and representatives the following level the association will be changed to. Every partner is keen on the additions that could be made at individual and hierarchical levels. Partners might want to comprehend if the change merits their associations and gathering benefits. Notwithstanding that, representative ought to be made to center their energies towards making hierarchical progress in the change process.Advertising Looking for explore paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another job is correspondence. A very much experienced and cheerful administrator needing to see the change procedure a triumph imparts the organization’s technique in a language that mixes representative and partner association in the change procedure. The chief sets up productive correspondence arranges through which criticism can be gotten and worker mentality and partner conduct can be observed and assessed. Directors with unparalleled perception of understanding know well that correspondence is a segment that drives change to more elevated levels of accomplishment or realize protection from change. Enabling activity is one of the basic jobs of a chief. At the point when change has been recognized as the path for an association, different deterrents may ru in the change the board procedure. Chiefs need to configuration plans and systems for evacuating any could be a deterrent in the change procedure to engage activity by authoritative workers. Impediments can be expelled by compensating change and progress and now and again utilizing other possibility quantifies that might be esteemed proper. An administrator capable at starting and driving authoritative change makes a points and goals that are feasible for the time being. These momentary objectives ought to be sensible not to overpower representatives and the administration in starting and executing change. These may likewise be alluded to as momentary successes. Other than the above jobs, a supervisor ought not ease up on the drive to realize change. Or maybe, the official ought to empower constancy and ceaseless change progress in the change procedure. When change has been brought into associations, directors should make change remain. Workers and partners may build up the inclinat ion to return to old ways if the recently executed change doesn't betoken well with them. Notwithstanding that, advantages may not be acknowledged right away. Along these lines, an administrator ought to constantly fortify qualities and a culture in the new look association by teaching new conduct in the association. To accomplish these, a director may give advancements, lead new enrollments, and give new pioneers among a large group of different techniques (Murphy Conrad, 1994).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Successful Implementation of the Change Process explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Handling staff opposition Since days of yore, change has consistently accompanied obstruction. Associations meet staff opposition at different levels. In any case, it is a basic job for the supervisor to effectively deal with such obstruction and change an association to an alternate level. Obstruction might be because of dread of losing certain ad vantages, positions, positions, business as usual, clashes, interruption, peer weight, question, and other related positions. In such a situation, administrators should consolidate the component of a â€Å"learning manager†. A taking in chief draws from the experience of different associations and joins the best procedures and involvement with taking care of staff in the change procedure. To successfully deal with worker protection from change, administrators ought to instruct staff in clear and unambiguous terms on what's in store in this stage, get ready representatives to face the forthcoming circumstance with realty, and teach them to understand that change is unavoidable and the association will undoubtedly take on another look. Notwithstanding that, directors who esteem their staff utilize different methods to set up the staff sincerely face the new condition. A decidedly ready doesn't battle change however holds onto as an instrument that has come at its own time (Chri stensen Donovan, n.d). The change Process various terms utilized in the change procedure incorporate appraisal, arranging, execution, and assessment are characterized hereunder. Appraisal: Is the demonstration of assessing the nature, quality, or noteworthiness of the proposed change as far as an organization’s key vision. Arranging: The way toward booking change process objectives, characterizing task necessities for accomplishing these objectives in accordance with an organization’s change strategy.Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Usage: It is a systematized stepwise measurement for observing the realizing authoritative changes in a characterized manner. Very much actualized change stays steady with authoritative destinations and vital vision. Assessment: Is a measure used to decide the representative execution and hierarchical achievement in actualizing change. Assessments give exact data that is utilized as a benchmark in evaluating the change procedure. Hence fruitful usage of the change procedure is an aggregate exertion by administrators, workers, and partners which ought to be directed with an astuteness of direction to pull in all partner association in the process to successfully align about the ideal change with an organization’s key vision. References Christensen C. M. what's more, Donovan T. (n.d). The procedure of system advancement and Implementation. Web. Corridor, E. T. Corridor, M. R. (1990). Concealed Differences: Doing Business withâ the Japanese, New York: Doubleday Anchor Books . Harris, P. R. Moran, R. T. (1987). Overseeing Cultural Differences, Houston: Gulf Publishing Company. Murphy, S. E Conrad, L. (1994). The Role of Team Leaders in a TQM Environment. Human Resource Professional 7 (4). 15-19. This examination paper on Successful Implementation of the Change Process was composed and presented by client Beau Payne to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Dream President-Novelist Collaborations

Dream President-Novelist Collaborations News that James Patterson and former President Bill Clinton are teaming up to write a mystery novel got me imagining what books we couldve gotten if only other presidents wrote novels.  Yall we couldve had some awesome (if kind of weird) novels. Ive paired ten  presidents with ten  leading authors alive at the same time. The authors had to have written at least one work of fiction by the time the president left office. Oh, and I didnt pair anyone with Mark Twain because I just want every president in his lifetime to collaborate with Twain everyone from Lincoln to Roosevelt! Barack Obama and Ta-Nehisi Coates: I would 100% read a comic book co-authored by Obama and Coates. Especially after reading My President Was Black in  The Atlantic. I imagine that they would come up with an engrossing, woke af spin on the entire comic book genre. Obama never mentioned comic books in his lists of reads, but Id like to believe that hes read  Black Panther in the months since leaving office. Ronald Reagan and Joan Didion: If these two couldve spent more than 10 minutes in the same room together, I suspect they couldve come up with a pretty unique spin on the culture of celebrity and American life. Didions essay in In the Realm of the Fisher King (collected in  After Henry) nailed Reagans economic policies. Her writing on Hollywood, like  Play it as it Lays, suggests to me that she couldve done something subversive, popular, and brilliant in tense collaboration with  Reagan. Richard Nixon and Toni Morrison: Just hear me out on this one. During Nixons presidency, Morrison published both The Bluest Eye  and  Sula. Morrison was clearly interested in inferiority complexes, why the powerful refuse to relinquish power, and social order. Theres no doubt in my mind that a Nixon-Morrison writing partnership would be troubled and difficult, but I suspect that Morrison could work with the raw material of a man like Nixon (paranoid, ambitious, deceitful, and crass) to write an insightful novel. Lyndon B. Johnson and Robert Penn Warren: This is perhaps my dream novelist-president pairing. Ive written before  about my love for  everything Warren, so Im a little biased. However, I think that Warrens attention to the American south and his interest in Civil Rights, white liberalism, and a certain kind of good ol boy would make for a fascinating joint effort with the brash LBJ. I  know Willie Stark, central  character in  All the Kings Men, was based on  Huey Long. Still, that probably set up Warren to handle a man like Johnson. Dwight D. Eisenhower and J.D. Salinger: Salinger seems like the perfect voice to take on the Eisenhower, post-war cultural landscape (as indeed he did in  Catcher in the Rye). I can only imagine the conversations between Eisenhower, a war hero and president, and the author who railed against all the phonies. The two of them could have made something great together that celebrated and poked holes in the conformity of the 1950s. Woodrow Wilson and Margaret Mitchell: This pairing seems pretty likely, actually. Mitchells Gone with the Wind  is a deeply lets just say problematic at best, novel and we know that Wilsons legacy on race is less than stellar.  I dont want more racist literature in the world but, if Im being honest, I suspect theyd have written a book that wed read today as an example of a specific kind of progressive-but-racist, early 20th century art. So maybe it would still serve a cautionary purpose? Teddy Roosevelt and Jack London: I was surprised to learn that Roosevelt was pretty critical of authors like London, who he called nature fakers. That said, I do wonder if he doth protest too much. The  tension between these two couldve birthed an intense epic of masculine, wilderness tales suffused with wolves and manly men being men in the woods. Ulysses S. Grant and Herman Melville: Possibly unpopular opinion: Grant was a great president who doesnt get the credit he deserves. Grant and Melville were born just three years apart. The scope of both Melvilles  Moby Dick and Grants memoirs makes me think that these two couldve come up with an incredible novel about the American Civil War. Grant once said that, In every battle there comes a time when both sides consider themselves beaten, then he who continues the attack wins. If thats not something Ahab couldve understood, I dont know what is. Andrew Jackson and Edgar Allan Poe: Of course Poe, master of horror and author of the worlds first mystery novel, shouldve worked with Jackson. The presidents Indian removal policies certainly  suggest that Jackson was a man without conscience and capable of inflicting tremendous pain and suffering on others. My hope is that Poe wouldve produced something critical of Jacksons ideology but, honestly, wed probably just get a tour de force of a creepy, troubled, violent psyche. George Washington and Jupiter Hammon: This is perhaps the least likely pairing on a list of unlikely pairings. It strikes me almost silly to imagine that Washington wouldve wanted to work with Hammon, an African American and slave, and yet Hammons life as a slave in New York, where Washington fought the Revolution and the nations first capital, is a powerful rebuke to many of the Revolutions stated ideals. Hammon wrote poetry and religious texts, so hes the exception to the rule for this list of novelists, but I think that he couldve created a nuanced tale that involved the American origin story, republican theology, and liberty. What president do you want writing a novel with your favorite author?

Public School System Essay - 3062 Words

February 06, 2012 Abstract The public school system in America is a topic that is surrounded by great debate. There are many questions that surround this topic. The research question for this paper was, is the public school system failing to prepare our children for the future? And, what solutions are available if the system is failing? The methodology the researcher used in this paper was literature review, and he also conducted an interview with someone working in the field. In this paper the researcher explains how the public school system is failing to prepare our children for the future. The paper also explains how the teaching styles are out dated. The researcher also explains the solutions that are already in place and†¦show more content†¦The students sometimes seem like drones listening to the person in the front of the room rather than grasping the whole idea. Mike OConner described in his interview. (OConner, 2012) The documentary Waiting for Superman also talked about the case of the bad teacher. Which, if your school has one, it was said that you would be stuck with it? This is mainly because of the union benefit called tenure that protects teachers from being dismissed for the wrong reasons, but also makes it very difficult and sometimes impossible to dismiss the bad teachers. (Guggenheim, 2010) Teachers are not the only problem and should not be the only source of blame. There are higher positions to the school system than just teachers such as principals, administrators, and city officials that all play a role in the failing system. The article Dependant teachers, Ineffective Principals, Failing Children describes the differences between having good administrators and bad. The article goes on to say that if a school has a good administrator they will attract good teachers. Then it talks about bad administrators and their need for power and control. This in turn will attract teachers who have dependency needs and do not tolerate independence. (Musch el, FallShow MoreRelatedThe American Public School System1712 Words   |  7 PagesIf American schools want meet the needs of the twenty-first century, they must be reinvented. It is not enough to fix the schools; they must be rebuilt in both fundamental and radical ways. The future of the American public school system is significant because the livelihood of an informed and productive citizen is vital to the future of this country. Historically, Americans have strongly asserted the importance of public schools in a democracy and despite the growing hatred for the face value ofRead MoreThe Failures Of The Public School System Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe Failures of the Public School System All across the United States, there are schools that are struggling financially and culturally due to different socio-economic challenges. Some of these challenges cannot be avoided, although many of them could be avoided. One of these problems that could be avoided is the act of institutionalized separation of rich and poor. If integration was more focused the school systems in certain parts of a city would not be understaffed and underfunded. In the documentaryRead MoreThe Public School Education System Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagespoverty. With catholic and private schools being expensive, people have to rely on the education system to provide their children with a good education. In this paper I will be discussing the public school education system ranging solely up to high school in Brooklyn New York and giving a general idea of the New York education system as well. Education is the foundation to secure an individual in having a better future and a successful career in life. Public education primarily falls upon theRead MoreThe Public School System Of Education980 Words   |  4 PagesThe public school system of education in the United States of America needs to change for many different reason, we not only need for our schools to change we need it to be done as soon as possible. We live in a society where our children are failing to meet the academic standards or enhanced their social skills to be prepared for the outside world. My second reason for our schools to change is that they are overcrowded for insists one teacher in one classroom can teach up to 15 to 20 kids. My lastRead MoreSchool Uniforms in the Public School System Essay example638 Words   |  3 PagesSchool Uniforms in the Public School System Public school systems across the country are now requiring students to wear uniforms. Can uniforms really make a difference in a childs academic performance? Wouldnt uniforms infringe the childs creativity and self expression? 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In addition to the documentary, it explains in one scene that in the school system, they had to let go about ten or more teachers. â€Å"The Lottery† documentary wanted to tell how well students can achieve withRead MoreShould Public School System Be Mandatory Uniform Policy?1869 Words   |  8 Pages School Uniforms Sarah Chaudhry SOC 1020-090 University of Utah Fall 2015 â€Æ' Abstract: Unfortunately, public school has become less about education and more about being fashion forward. As a society, there is definitely a higher tendency for people to judge a person’s entire personality solely on what and how they are dressed. The desire to have the latest trending clothes is in far greater demand than to have the highest grades. As a result many issues such as vandalism, bullying, sexual harassmentRead MoreThe Corporate Side Of American Public Education And The Reformists Misled Beliefs That The School System1389 Words   |  6 PagesDiane Ravitch explores the corporate side of American public education and the reformists’ misled beliefs that the school system is in crisis. The school reforms in place are disguised as a means of improving public education, when in reality it has become an objective to â€Å"replace public education with a privately managed, free-market system of schooling† (Ravitch, p.4). Diane Ravitch supports her claim that the reformation movement has poor intentions with multiple sources of evidence. AmongRead MoreThe Public School System779 Words   |  4 PagesBased on the information from the Scenario, the public school system in Washington, D.C is facing some problems and they want to improve their students’ performance and reduce the teachers’ turnover rate. 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Do Something - Hes About to Snap - 989 Words

Do Something – He’s About to Snap Scenario 1: Fire Max If Lynne decides to fire Max the company might face the following problems: 1. The company might face a huge lawsuit especially since there is no physical evidence related to any violent behavior from his side or that he represents a real threat. 2. The company will lose a hard working employee whose previous job performance shows that he’s one of the best and hard working programmers in the company. 3. This action might actually lead Max to Snap! It might cause his violent side to surface since he will feel maltreated and was fired for no obvious reason. This might make him harmful and dangerous to his colleagues and the company. Scenario 2: Keep Max Lynne could†¦show more content†¦Ask him how he’s doing and try to concentrate on what made him burst on the phone the other day. All this should be documented an attached to his personal file, just in case we need to refer and go back to them whenever needed. Lynne’s action should depend on his response, which could be one of the following: 1. Acceptance – He’s listening to what Lynne has to say and accepting to try to change. This will lead to Scenario 4. 2. Offence – Max might be offended or there might be no positive or negative action from his side. This will lead us to scenario 5. 3. Rejection – Max might be really hostile rejecting whatever Lynne is telling him and refusing to cooperate. This might lead him into being violent and acting in a threatening way which could be dangerous to the company. If this happens, Lynne will have to fire him. But she will not have to worry about a lawsuit from Max’s end since this meeting is already documented and her trying to support or understand him was completely rejected by him. Scenario 4: Keep Max At the same time, keep him more involved in the company’s events and lunches, and try to break the boundaries between him and his colleagues by including him in more team work and group tasks. Also, Lynne must set up a new set of policies regarding employee behavior to one another to try to eliminate gossip andShow MoreRelatedDo Something - Hes About to Snap828 Words   |  4 Pageswere constantly talking and spreading rumors about him. His peer, Nicole Ianucci told other peers that he was probably having a mental breakdown because she saw him getting a prescription at the CVS (Roche, 2003). This persistent pattern of â€Å"targeting an employee to rumors or gossip with intentions to harm† (Gomez-Melia et al., 2011, p. 491) is an example of bullying behaviors. 2. With â€Å"layoff talk† around the office, management should be concerned about workplace violence. The company, MMI hadRead MoreSummary Of The Night Of The Curtain By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay920 Words   |  4 Pagespull my jacket tight around my shoulders, as cool night air prickles against the skin of my neck. I glance up and down the alley, searching for any sign of Alec, but I can’t find him. 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And sigh, now we have Rami, he is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I turned around instantly and asked, â€Å"Rami is what?† He paused while his friends laughed at him. He was literally and figurativelyRead MoreCase Study : Casino Office Day Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pages but there’s a man outside who would like to speak with you. He said it involves something regarding a â€Å"good business opportunity†. BERNIE Does he have an appointment? SECRETARY No. BERNIE Well then I’m afraid he’s gonna have to wait in line. I’ve got important people to talk to today. I can’t just make an exception for some random yahoo. SECRETARY Well, here’s the thing. I explained all of that to him but he’s being very persistent. There’s a loud repetitive knock at the door. The door opensRead MoreShort Story1172 Words   |  5 PagesObviously the comment about his neighbor’s choice of font offended him in some way. 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Management and Leadership Paper Free Essays

Management and Leadership Paper Leadership and management are the two most confused terms in the corporate world. These are the two expressions used interchangeably in the corporate parlance. One is thought to be the replacement of the other. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, managers and leaders are two different spheres of organizational culture with one sphere, at some places, overlapping the other. These two together make the organizational culture and are responsible for its health. We will look at the various aspects of leadership and management with respect to the company GE (General Electric) and see how the two integrate while maintaining the disparity to make this organization number one enterprise and the best training school for future leaders and managers. Management Vs Leadership â€Å"Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things† The above quote by Peter F. Drucker sums up beautifully the essence of leadership and management. Management involves the tactical aspect of day to day running of a function. A manager gets the power to direct the subordinates by the virtue of the position being held. He/she typically carries out the responsibilities laid out by the organization for him/her. A manager is more of a problem solver and takes care of work areas relating to people management, time management, decision making etc. A leader on the other hand is more of a visionary. He has the ability to energize others and is self motivated and self driven. He sets the vision for his organization and has the power to influence the people to walk the path he has envisaged. However, there are places where a person needs to have both management and leadership skills. A manager in a team role would need leadership skills to influence his team members and get work done from them. Similarly, a leader needs to have management skills to be able to execute his vision. Hence, success of an organization would require people with a blend of both virtues. What role they play would depend on the percentage of each character in the individual. Leadership and management roles case study – GE GE has acquired its leadership legacy from Jack Welch, one of the greatest leaders of all times to come. He propagated a leadership style alien to the organizations of the time he took over GE’s reigns and changed the organization culture completely. Jack’s major success as a leader was due to his concept of â€Å"boundary less thinking†. This is how he grew an American manufacturing company into a services giant spread across 100 countries all across the globe (beginnersinvest. about. com ). One of the evidences of this â€Å"boundaryless† culture can be seen in Jack’s initiation of e-business. He connected the company directly to the suppliers as well as the customers electronically. This helped in quick information flow and instant resolution to the customer’s woes (answers. com). The managers here also followed this behavior as propagated by the leadership. This can be seen by the enthusiasm they took in taking up 6-sigma quality projects and delivered immense profits when Welch initiated the six sigma drive to reap benefits of the quality initiative. The managers enthusiastically followed their leader and undertook rigorous quality trainings, learned from each other’s experiences and further fired the six sigma drive. In fact, the benefits derived from this vision of Welch and the immense participation by the managers all across the businesses lead to a productivity gains of $320 million in 1997 and even more at around $750 million in 1998 (beginnersinvest. about. com ). Developing leaders was an important strategy of Welch as this always ensured a lineage of good leadership for the company. To fulfill this vision he had setup a leadership development school at Crotonville. He used this school as a means of encouraging â€Å"boudaryless† culture as well as a forum for â€Å"best practice sharing† as managers from various businesses would share their experiences both theoretical and practical and use the learning from these class room sessions to improve their respective businesses. However, some of the managers from â€Å"previous era† were not very enthusiastic about participation in these sessions. So, Welch started what he called â€Å"work-out† sessions. The managers would not be included in these discussions which were facilitated by academic people hired from outside the organization. After discussing the problems and solutions within the work-out group, the points were then discussed with the concerned managers there and then and they had to decide about whether to accept the solutions or give their view points against them and provide better options or to setup a plan to execute in phases (answers. com). Finally, these sessions became a way of resolving problems and involving employee participation and are still being used by managers to solve issues. Managers were the key messengers of the leadership to propagate and implement their messages. Managers were encouraged to come up with new ideas and were invited to Crotonville to proudly share ideas in front of Welch and the proficient executive team of GE (answers. com). Jack spread the concept of informality in the organization. He would send personal notes to people wherever possible. On of his managers once turned down a promotion because of his inability to shift from the location where he was presently working. Jack wrote him a personal note which went as follows: †We like you for a lot of reasons–one of them is that you are a very special person. You proved it again this morning. Good for you and your lucky family. Make Diamonds a great business and keep your priorities straight. † (beginnersinvest. about. com). Woodburn was immensely moved by this as he said †It showed me he cared about me not as a manager but as a person . That means a lot. ‘ (beginnersinvest. about. com). From the discussion above, we can understand how leadership differs from the management at GE. The leaders here are visionaries and the managers support their vision by following and propagating their ideas. Managers here are experts in their areas of operation while the leaders groom them to be future leaders. There were times, though, when the managers were not ready for the change their leader was propagating. The leaders have the capability of finding ways of getting their vision implemented which is evident from the work-out sessions idea of Welch. Recommendations for achieving a healthy work culture in an organization The growth curve and sustainability of an organization is highly influenced by its work culture. The key to everlasting success is to nurture the spirit of high business ethics in the organization. Where leaders and managers succumb to unethical dealings to spur growth, the organization is bound reach a fatal end soon. Thus, with undeterred focus on values, the leaders can create a transparent and healthy work environment. Another important strategy to achieve positive organizational culture is not to put pounding pressure on the people to perform. The undue pressure caused by Jack’s aggressive vision, lead people to resort to unethical means to deliver results. GE was at one time weighed down by scandals like the Kidder, Peabody Co. bond-trading scam of the 90’s which resulted in bogus profits (beginnersinvest. about. com). Works Cited Kotelnikov, Vadim. 25 Lessons from Jack Welch. February 16, 2010. http://www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/mgmt_new-model_25lessons-welch. html coach4growth. com. Leadership vs. Management: What are the Characteristics of a Leader and a Manager. 2007. February 16, 2010. http://www. coach4growth. com/good-leadership-skills/leadershipvmanagement. html beginnersinvest. about. com. How Jack Welch runs GE. May 28, 1998. February 16, 2010. http://beginnersinvest. about. com/gi/o. htm? zi=1/XJ/Ya=1=beginnersinvest=money=22=160_651_610_315=10=14=1=1=http%3A//www. businessweek. com/1998/23/b3581001. htm answers. com. Business Biographies: Jack Welch. 2010. February 16, 2010. http://www. answers. com/topic/jack-welch How to cite Management and Leadership Paper, Essay examples

Cloning 10 Essay Research Paper Cloning free essay sample

Cloning 10 Essay, Research Paper Cloning: Fact Vs. Fiction Millions of people pour into film theaters every weekend. There are films about athleticss, love affair, political relations, and Science Fiction. They are meant to entertain people, nevertheless many people really leave a theater believing what they merely saw. There are films where some evil mastermind devises a cloning machine, where person merely walks into and out he comes along with his ringer. This might hold made the film gratifying, but have put the thought of cloning in a bad visible radiation. There are many grounds why the populace fears cloning, nevertheless, most frights are unsupported. Peoples are afraid of cloning merely as they are afraid of anything new in their lives. When unreal insemination was foremost introduced to the multitudes, it was frowned upon. That fright non merely inhabited the citizens of the United States, but besides congressional representatives. That fright led to an immediate prohibition of all research and pattern of cloning. Cloning ought non be banned, simply regulated. The instantaneous cloning might be wholly important to the plotline of a film, but this can non really go on. Cloning is really a long procedure. In order to clone a babe, an unfertilised, enucleated egg cell is needed. Enucleated merely means that no familial stuff remains inside the egg cell. In add-on, some familial stuff is needed ; normally this is taken from any cell by pull outing the karyon. After shooting the egg cell with the familial stuff, an electric daze is applied. After the cell goes through several divisions, it is placed inside a adult female. Afterwards the cloning procedure is carried out like any other gestation. The immediate cloning is merely one of the many misconceptions that people in society believe. Many people argue that cloning is an abuse to human self-respect. Normally people who make this statement are unable to explicate why cloning offends human self-respect. The statement is supposed to be axiomatic. The statement is based on # 8220 ; familial essentialism # 8221 ; , or # 8220 ; familial determinism # 8221 ; a belief that one # 8217 ; s alone humanity is wholly a merchandise of one # 8217 ; s DNA. The statement is reductionist and itself an insult to human self-respect. It is slightly dry that the UNESCO Declaration on the Human Genome, after saying clearly that people should non be equated with their cistrons, goes on to state, without account, that cloning is an insult to human self-respect ( Hollinger 48 ) . Nothing is more of an abuse to human self-respect than believing that one s single cape is based on one s Deoxyribonucleic acid. There are people in every field of scientific discipline who assert that ringers will be treated as second-rate, because they are # 8220 ; C transcripts # 8221 ; . Is this non an insult to self-respect? This is a # 8220 ; scientific discipline fiction # 8221 ; position. Do twins experience # 8220 ; 2nd rate # 8221 ; because each expressions like the other? Peoples besides claim that cloning is unnatural. Nature creates ringers all the clip, as indistinguishable twins. This happens in about three and a half to four births per thousand births. Twinss normally think of themselves as persons, non as C transcripts of person else. Identical twins differ in many respects. They have different life anticipations, fingerprints, IQ # 8217 ; s ( by up to 20 points ) , hazards for schizophrenic disorder ( if one has schizophrenia, there is a 30 % opportunity that the other will non ) , sexual orientations ( harmony for homosexualism ranges from 0 % to 100 % ) and opportunities of condemnable behaviour ( harmony is about 50 % ) . Identical twins differ for the many grounds. An embryo may split at any clip up to about 14 yearss after construct. X-chromosome inactivation ( lyonization ) in early female embryos indiscriminately turns off one X-chromosome in each cell. The halves may incorporate different proportions of paternal and maternal X-chromoso mes when an embryo # 8220 ; twins # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; Genetic imprinting # 8221 ; ( the procedure that marks which cistrons are be activated ) in early embryos is variable ( Hollinger 59 ) . Even conjoined twins are different from each other. Eng and Chang Bunker, the original # 8220 ; Siamese twins # 8221 ; , had different personalities. One was a down alky, the other a cheerful teetotaller. They married separate married womans, alternated life in separate houses, and fathered 21 kids. Abigail and Brittany Hensel portion a common organic structure below the cervix, but feel sleepy or hungry at different times and may acquire different classs in school. Ringers would non be every bit likewise as twins would, because ringers would hold different developmental signals from the different eggs from which they develop, different chondriosome from the eggs, different antenatal environments ( e.g. , maternal nutrition, toxic exposure ) , and different postpartum environments, including household and historical period ( Hollinger 59 ) . It is wholly right if nature makes ringers, but if we do it, we are # 8220 ; playing God # 8221 ; ( Colvin 39 ) . Modern medical specialty seldom leaves affairs to # 8220 ; Nature # 8221 ; . In Vitro Fertilization, they try to maintain 700-gram neonates alive, and, where civilization and faith license, use donor sperm, eggs, or embryos. Why is cloning different from other generative engineerings? Ringers will go progressively inferior, as more transcripts of the same person are produced ( Wakelee-Lynch 55 ) . This is the # 8220 ; photocopy machine # 8221 ; statement. There is no scientific grounds for it. What people fail to recognize is that a ringer is non needfully a transcript of person else. It can be the man-made combination of familial stuff. Even if all of the familial information is taken from one individual, the cloned babe can take many different waies during development. There are people who allege that cloning uses a human being as a agency to an terminal. Parents have kids for many grounds, both selfish and unselfish. The same would be true of cloning, but why should it be capable to particular regulations? If society examines people # 8217 ; s motivations for parentage and gives them # 8220 ; licenses # 8221 ; to go parents, this would give authoritiess dictatorial powers. Sometimes it may be ethically allowable to gestate a kid chiefly for the benefit of person else, every bit long as the kid is loved and cared for as an equal with a household # 8217 ; s other kids. This has already occurred, where parents of a adolescent with leukaemia conceived a kid as a marrow giver. See the undermentioned instance, which really happened in the United States. A twosome has a adolescent with leukaemia. She will decease within two to three old ages without a bone marrow graft. The parents can non happen a giver with compatible marrow, so they conceive a bab e in the hope that the babe will hold marrow suited for a graft. There is a one-in-four opportunity that the babe # 8217 ; s marrow will be compatible. When asked on a study, without cognizing the instance # 8217 ; s result, 65 % of U.S. genetic sciences patients and 52 % of the U.S. public approved the twosome # 8217 ; s determination. In the existent instance, the babe had compatible marrow, the adolescent # 8217 ; s life was saved and the parents were happy with their new babe ( Evers 70 ) . A really common fright is that cloning will be used to make ground forcess or slaves. Armies and slaves can be created faster and more cheaply by other agencies than cloning. This fright of a second Holocaust is really asinine. It is improbable that ringers will be mass-produced. Womans have to bear them and person has to raise them. This is an of import point that much treatment about cloning overlooks ( Harris 43 ) . In add-on, a common claim is that affluent people will clone themselves to hold organ Bankss of # 8220 ; trim parts # 8221 ; in instance they need Black Marias or livers. These ringers could be made without caputs, so they could be killed for variety meats without perpetrating slaying. Using another individual for # 8220 ; trim parts # 8221 ; is slaying and would be prosecuted as such. Ringers are undeniably individuals. Making # 8220 ; headless ringers # 8221 ; to provide variety meats would besides be slaying. It would necessitate decerebrating ( taking the higher encephalon ) of a foetus or baby. Since the foetus or baby falls under the same legal and ethical regulations as a non-cloned foetus or baby, whoever did this would be prosecuted. Furthermore, there is no demand to make an full homo. Individual tissues or variety meats could be grown. Many argue that parents, or societies, will hold unrealistic outlooks of ringers. A ringer of Beethoven would be expected to bring forth an equivalent of the Ninth Symphony. A male parent might anticipate his ringer to be his equal in athleticss. Everyone will endure if ringers do non populate up to outlooks. Parents may hold unrealistic outlooks in the absence of cloning. Cloning may cut down these outlooks. A cloned parent who is clumsy will non anticipate the kid to stand out in athleticss ( Hollinger 59 ) . In add-on, many spiritual people believe that cloning will make new signifiers of the household. This is true, but is this needfully harmful? Merely because a household relationship is new and unseasoned is non a ground to reprobate it automatically. In the past, unthreatening policymakers have condemned as harmful many types of household relationships subsequently shown to do no injury to the kids. In the United States, household configurations that most attorneies and ethicians considered harmful 20 old ages ago are now accepted. These include: joint detention of kids after divorce, individual maternity, individual paternity, single-parent acceptance, interracial acceptance, and sapphic and cheery parenting. None of these has been shown to harm kids, provided that adequate economic resources are available ( Poor households, whatever their construction, normally do non make every bit good ) ( Hollinger 60 ) . There is no ground to prejudge possible households with cloned qis ldren ( Boyd 319 ) . As with acceptance, in-vitro fertilisation, and usage of donor sperm, how the kid will respond to the intelligence about his or her manner of reaching in the universe will depend mostly on how the parents themselves feel about this manner of reproduction. If they are at easiness with it, the kid will be excessively. If they are non, there may be jobs. Parents and kids may set to cloning far more easy than people think, merely as has happened with in-vitro fertilisation. Predictions about desperate psychosocial injuries from IVF and other new generative engineerings have turned out to be incorrect. A common but absurd statement is that people will abandon sexual reproduction in favour of cloning. This is pathetic, in position of fiscal costs. In add-on, cloning is no merriment. Most twosomes prefer a kid related to both, non one. Peoples worry that they may be cloned sneakily, against their will. It is true that blood taken for medical intents or hair left at the barbershop could be stolen. Laws are necessary to forestall this by necessitating the consent of any individual who is cloned ( or of the parents, if the person is a kid ) . In the United States, civil cases ( for pecuniary amendss ) might be a hindrance. This would be regulated by Torahs that would be put into topographic point, but is no ground why cloning should be banned. In add-on, there truly is no ground why person would be cloned by a complete alien. Many ethicians believe that cloning # 8220 ; trade goods # 8221 ; kids. All generative engineerings and acceptance cost money. This does non do a babe less valuable to its parents or cut down the sum of love they give it. Below is a monetary value list of what assorted generative options cost. In Vitro Fertilization costs approximately 10 to twelve thousand dollars. Donor eggs normally cost about five thousand dollars. The acceptance of healthy white baby can be anyplace from 25 to forty thousand dollars. Surrogate female parents can be about 45 thousand dollars. Peoples can merely think what cloning may be, no 1 knows for certain, because research on cloning techniques can non be performed ( Kaveny 138 ) . Some say that cloning will increase societal inequalities, because merely the richest will be able to afford it. This is an first-class statement. However, this is true of all new generative engineerings ( NRTs ) and of antenatal diagnosing. Differential usage of NRTs could increase bing differences between categories in wellness and length of service. The lone manner to forestall this is a cosmopolitan wellness attention system vouching equal entree to even the most expensive NRTs and curtailing their usage to sterility that can non be treated otherwise. Many people who are against cloning claim that cloning is unsuccessful. # 8220 ; Merely 1 in 277 attempts # 8221 ; succeeded for Ian Wilmut s Dolly. Peoples seem to about universally believe that because it took # 8220 ; 277 attempts # 8221 ; to do Dolly, that means there were 276 abortions or deformed or dead lambs along the route to Dolly. The Washington Post reported precisely that shortly after Dolly was born, and we ve been reading it in the newspapers of all time since. However, that is non true. Dr. Wilmut started with 277 reconstructed eggs ; eggs that had their nucleus removed and were so fused with an grownup cell. The figure 277 refers towards the figure of eggs used. The eggs were so cultured in sheep Fallopian tubes, and of the 277, merely 29 divided and became embryos. All 29 embryos were transferred to the wombs of 13 sheep ; some got one, some got two and some got three. When Wilmut subsequently performed an ultrasound, he learned that merely one of the 13 sheep h ad become pregnant. That gestation proceeded usually and produced Dolly. There were no dead or distorted lambs, no abortions, and no cast-off embryos in this peculiar experiment. More significantly in position to birthrate interventions affecting In Vitro fertilisation ( IVF ) , IVF physicians and the federal authorities step the success rate of IVF clinics by the ratio of unrecorded births to uterine transportations. IVF with worlds began in 1978, but it wasn t until 1990, after 12 old ages of world-wide human clinical pattern, that the mean success rate for IVF in worlds got to be every bit good as one out of 13 ; the Dolly success rate. ( Today the mean IVF success rate is about one out of four, but it took 20 old ages of human clinical pattern and research to acquire it at that place ) . Furthermore, in the twelvemonth Dolly was conceived, 1995, the largest IVF clinic in the San Francisco Bay Area, was making 30 human embryos for every one that made it to the bringing room, comp ared with 29 for the Dolly experiment. The lone portion of the Dolly experiment that was out of line with IVF success rates of either today or the recent yesteryear was the big figure of eggs it took. It was really inefficient ( Tucker 128 ) . The 2nd cloning experiment to be reported in a equal reappraisal diary, the cloning of 50 mice in Hawaii, had an efficiency rate ( measured by figure of eggs per unrecorded birth ) that was ten times higher than the Dolly experiment. The 3rd published grownup cell cloning experiment, utilizing cattles in Japan, was 17 times more efficient than the Dolly experiment in footings of the figure of eggs needed to acquire each unrecorded birth. Furthermore, if you go back to the measuring of success that IVF clinics use, unrecorded births per uterine transportation, the Nipponese transferred two embryos into each of 5 cattles and ended up with 8 calves, all five cattles gave birth to at least one calf, which is better than any IVF clinic in the universe can make today ( Tucker 129 ) . Some life scientists province that cloning is insecure. Cloning will bring forth damaged kids, because the cells of an grownup homo have been exposed to environmental toxins for many old ages and have developed new mutants. Children may age and decease quickly because the chromosomes in an grownup have shortened telomeres ( end points of a chromosome that shorten with each cell division, until the cell is no longer able to split ) , a consequence of cellular aging. Animal experiments are necessary to reply these inquiries. It would be unethical to continue with human cloning until carnal experiments have proved its safety. Some newspapers claimed that Dolly was born already the age of the sheep that she was cloned from, which is six old ages old. This averment is based on an experiment that attempted to mensurate Dolly # 8217 ; s telomeres ; telomeres are constructions within cells that become shorter with each cell division. However, that experiment has been widely criticized for proficient grounds ; it seems that the telomere measurings were within both the border of mistake of the survey and the normal fluctuation for sheep. Besides because on the same twenty-four hours that Ian Wilmut announced the # 8220 ; telomeres job, # 8221 ; the company he works for announced that it had found the solution to the job, a substance called telomerase. There is a more cardinal ground non to worry about Dolly s telomeres. If Dolly were born six old ages old, so she was 9 old ages old when she had her threes. Since virtually all Poll Dorset sheep ( Dolly s species ) , are dead by the age of nine, which would do her the # 8220 ; fertile octogenarian # 8221 ; of sheep. Not merely does Dolly demo no marks of premature ripening, she is making things, like holding threes, which would be impossible if she were prematurely aged. The truth is that Dolly is a healthy immature sheep ( Tucker 128 ) . A figure of theologists think cloning is a denial of decease. So is holding a kid in the usual manner, at least in some civilizations. In the Old Testament, which had no belief in an hereafter, one of the greatest approvals God could confer was that one # 8217 ; s posterities would populate long upon the Earth. In China, one has a responsibility to hold kids in order to # 8220 ; maintain one # 8217 ; s ascendants alive # 8221 ; . The ringer does non transport one # 8217 ; s consciousness or psyche into the hereafter, merely one # 8217 ; s cistrons. Therefore it is difficult to see how this is a greater denial of decease than merely holding kids ( Nuland 127 ) . Cloning could cut down human diverseness, particularly if carried out on a big graduated table. This is improbable with worlds, though it could happen with domestic animate beings. Most people want to hold kids who are the biological progeny of both or at least one parent, non the ringer of some celebrated single. Mass cloning of celebrated or affluent persons who want to dwell the Earth could be prevented by ordinances that would qualify that the figure of cloned kids could non transcend the maximal that would normally last in nature, likely five ( fives ) or the figure now allowed by most sperm Bankss ( 10 ) . It appears highly dubious that anyone would try such mass cloning, except in a totalitarian society. Families would hold to accept and rise up the cloned embryos, and the experience of sperm Bankss suggests that most people do non desire the kids of celebrated people, but want healthy kids who are like themselves ( Walter 131 ) . Many of the frights that congressional representatives attempted to relieve by censoring cloning, were wholly indefensible. These frights lead them to a headlong outlawing of any and all patterns affecting cloning. Along with these frights are several misconceptions that lead the congresswomans to believe something that could non be further from the truth. If these scruples were dealt with consideration, the congresswomans would non hold banned cloning merely merely put forth some Torahs modulating it. Who is to state what will go on in the hereafter, but everyone must recognize that cloning will play a large function in that hereafter.

Forever Best Friend, Forever Hero free essay sample

When I look back at all my memories, as far back as I can remember, there is a constant theme in every single one of them. Whether its a memory of a sporting event, a fun time with my family, or a hard time Ive been faced with in the past, the theme is constantly there. There is one person in my life taht has been a part of every memory and has been there for me when I needed her the most. This person is my sister, Shea McParlane. I always knew that Shea was not just an ordinary sibling, and that we shared somethign that was special, but I now know the perfect word that defines who she is. I realize now that she is truly my hero. My hero has accomplished many things, but I admire her, most importantly, for the way she has accomplished them. We will write a custom essay sample on Forever Best Friend, Forever Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When she sets her mind to do something, she will work to the best of her ability to accomplish that task. Each time she succeeds, she just inspires me even more to do the same. She seems to be the foundation of my success. She pushes me to be the best I can be no matter what it is. One way she pushes me is by being one of my biggest fans on the sidelines of every sports game I play. She helps me with my faults, and continues to help me make my strengths stronger. My sister is not only a huge inspiration for me, but also a role model. Whenever I see my sister with people, she seems to stand out by treating everyone equally with respect. One quality that makes her so amiable is the way she always keeps a positive attitude and a smile on her face, even when things arent goin the way she may have expected. Shea always cheers me up and makes everyone in her surroundings feel good. She is willing to help, whatever the circumstance may be. Whenever I am stuck on a problem on homework, or dont understand the material for a test, she is the first one to take time out of her day just to help me. I admire her for being such a caring person, always putting others before herself. The part of Shea that I probably admire the most is her loving heart. I have never seen any sister treat another sister with more love. Sometimes its just the little things that mean the world to me: the special I love you every night before I go to sleep, the pep talks before soccer games, and all encouraging comments that make me feel good. I feel that anything I face in life, good or bad, she will help me out and always be there. That is what separates a sister from a hero. I think a hero should be somebody that you revere and look up to with great respect; someone you think is living their life how you wish to live yours; a role model that sets examples for you to follow; and most importantly, someone who inspires you to be the best person you can be. When I thought through my memories, and all the people involved in my life, I couldnt think of anybody better that fit my definition of a hero than my sister. Thats why, no matter what happens, Shea will always be my inspiration, my role model, my best friend, my personal hero.

Pluto essays

Hades/Pluto essays Hades, in Greek mythology is the god of the Underworld and the ruler of the dead. He is also known as Pluto, the god of wealth. He is the brother of Zeus and Poseidon, and therefore considered the first generation of Olympian gods. However, he was not considered an Olympian god. He was considered a Chthonian (from the Greek word chthon, meaning earth). The Chthonian gods inhabited the opposite realm from the Olympians (Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, etc) and were considered to be darker and gloomier characters. According to myth, the three sons of Kronos and Rhea - Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades - each drew lots to determine which part of the world they would rule. Zeus and Poseidon received the sky and the seas respectively, leaving Hades, who had the worst draw, with the Underworld. Hades was considered to be a greedy and unpitying god, which made him the most feared among man and the gods. He is the King of the dead but, death itself is another god, Thanatos. Hades ruled to realm of the dead alone. That is, until he became enamored with the goddess Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. Hades abducted Persephone from the upper world; Demeter then went about looking for her daughter all over the earth with torches every day and night, and during that time she did not allow the earth to produce any food for the mortals. When Demeter finally found out what happened, she ordered Hades to send back Persephone. However, before she left he gave her a pomegranate to eat. Not foreseeing the consequence, she swallowed it, binding her to the Underworld for all eternity. At Demeters arguments, Hades made a concession that since Persephone ate two pomegranate seeds; she would spend two seasons each in the upper and lower world. Demeters moods at Persephones arrival and departure is said to be why we have the seasons. Hades, although ruling alone, had various helpers in the Underworld. He was assisted by Thanatos, ...

Functions of article 3 ECHR; Provision or enforcement of standards Essay

Functions of article 3 ECHR; Provision or enforcement of standards - Essay Example This is a question that might get so many awkward answers if a clear interpretation of the article is not given. The first question any person would ask before answering this question is whether the convention has any jurisdiction to influence laws on crime and social support in countries outside Europe. The provisions of Article one of the ECHR have been a tough nut to crack particularly because the stipulations in the article are a little confusing and to some extent ambiguous. The bone of contention in this article is usually the extra-territorial authority of the convention. Miller set to establish the boundaries of the convention authority and found out that the extra-territorial authority of the convention was in question1. She admitted that that article one of the convention doesn’t give the clear amplitude of the convention’s jurisdiction and continued to stress that the convention’s participation in the ‘war on terror’ campaign only soured t he wound rather than disinfect it. In a bid to avoid the contentious issue of its jurisdiction, the convention has referred to its ties with other internationally recognized bodies such as the United Nations. For example in the Behrami v. France case and the Saramati v. France case, the ECHR where the issue of the convention’s jurisdiction was raised and the convention decided to counterattack these concerns play playing the card of its relations with the UN charter. Ryngaert examined the time where the scope of ECHR’s jurisdiction that was presented when looking at the Al-Skeini v the United Kingdom case2. The case was brought to the attention of ECHR by six Iraqi natives who had close family and social ties with some Iraqi citizens whose lives were ended by British soldiers in a town that is south of Iraq know as Basrah. The six brought the case to the ECHR in form of an appeal claiming that the UK had gone against the sentiments articulated in articles three and two of the convention as the soldiers inflicted pain and killed the Iraqis in one of their detention facilities. Articles two and three are against the brutal treatment of any individual and the separation of an individual with his or her life. However, the main concern when handling the case was not whether UK had indeed breached the stipulations of articles two or three but whether the location where these acts were committed fell under the legal jurisdiction of the ECHR. After presiding over that case an opinion that people outside ECHR’s reach who have been affected by a breach of the conventions acts could bring the perpetrators of the heinous acts into the ECHR’s immediate jurisdiction for prosecution. However, the ECHR did not confirm these allegations. The ECtHR& ECHR has the mandate to conduct its endeavours to the citizens of the 47 signatory states of the COE but doesn’t add the convention and its court can practise outside the states under the COE3. Jus t by looking at the jurisdiction concerns of the convention the answer to the question is already a big resounding no. But what if we turn a blind eye it the conventions issue of jurisdiction and assume the convention had the global jurisdiction. Would it have the capacity to provide the standards of criminal law and social support then? The reason for the establishment of the ECtHR under the ECHR was to ensure

Natural disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Natural disasters - Essay Example Earthquakes manifest themselves on the surface of the earth by shaking and at times displacing the ground. There is a long history of seismic activity and earthquakes in Japan .Japan is a region characterized by high seismicity due to its location which is near main tectonic plate borders and is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire. Geologically the Japanese islands are as a consequence of many big oceanic movements taking place more than hundreds of millions of years ago. Originally Japan was attached to the Eurasian continent’s eastern coast. Since the Eurasian plates were less deep than the subducting plates, Japan was pulled eastwards forming the Sea of japan about fifteen million years ago (Smits,2014). Whereas on 23 August 416, an earthquake is mentioned in Yamato(present day Nara the Prefecture) initial earthquake to be dependably recorded occurred on28 May,599 in Nara prefecture ,during Empress Suiko’s reign, damaging buildings through the entire Yamato province. Several other historical accounts of earthquakes occurrences exist and with the creation of Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee in 1892, systematic collation of all available data was conducted and in 1899 published. The committee was suspended in 1923 after the occurrence of the Kanto earthquake and in 1925 and the Earthquake Research Institute superseded it (Clancey, 2006). The Kanto earthquake that occurred in 1923 is one of the deadliest in the history of Japan claiming about 105,385 deaths, whereas the Tohuku earthquake in 2011 is the costliest (USD 235 billion) and strongest earthquake on record. It is also the most costly natural disaster to occur globally to date. There are numerous other earthquakes that have occurred and have been recorded in the history of Japan. Nevertheless, the Tohuku earthquake of 11th march 2011 is the strongest in

Industrial Air Pollution In Trinidad And Tobago Environmental Sciences Essay

Industrial Air Pollution In Trinidad And Tobago Environmental Sciences Essay The contamination of the atmosphere by any toxic or radioactive gases and particulate matter as a result of human activity defines air pollution. (EMA State of the Environment Report 2000) Over the years Trinidad and Tobago has focus on industrialization developing several industrial estates but greater focus was made to the energy sectors. They current have three major energy based industrial sites. The Point Lisas industrial estate, Point a Pierre petroleum refinery and Liquefied Natural Gas plant (LNG) located in Point Fortin. Trinidad and Tobago is considered to be one of the most industrialized countries in the Commonwealth Caribbean region. We have been blessed with a vast array of natural resources ranging from oil, natural gas and asphalt to manufactured petrochemicals. Despite the fact that oil production and refining is one of our main industry, petrochemicals and to a lesser extent steel plays great importance in the company economic growth. Trinidad Tobago is worlds leading exporter of both methanol and ammonia, currently they supply the largest source of LNG is exported to the United States. Early views and realization of Air Pollution To the general public air pollution was considered to be chemical emissions and that suspension and secondary pollutants will just dissipate with the aid of the wind and rain. As the country moves into a second wave of industrialization with several proposed plans of building the next economic hotspot in the Caribbean (Invest in TT Downstream Energy), concerns has been made toward the quality of air what we live and breathe. It was only years later when technology began to play an important part in analyzing pollutants and air quality that it was realized that air pollution was just as important as water pollution. The industrial sector in Trinidad Tobago is one of the most dynamitic in the Caribbean and this is reflected in the diverse nature of its pollutants. Table 1 illustrates the numerous industry classes, commodities produced, production process and resulting in air pollutants. Map 1: Existing Proposed Energy Base Industrial Estates in Trinidad Table 1: Industry in Trinidad Tobago and air emission they emit INDUSTRY PRODUCTS SOURCES AIR POLLUTANT Petrochemical Menthol, ammonia, urea, ethanol, liquefied natural gas Fossil fuel processing, industrial processes Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, Carbon Monoxide Manufacturing Metals, cements, consumer products Manufacturing and extraction process, stock piling of raw materials, fossil fuel burning Carbon Dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter PM (soot, dust, asbestos fibers, pesticides and metals). Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) Transportation vehicles Incomplete combustion Carbon Monoxide, particulate matter Petroleum Refineries Refined oil, oil base products and sulfur /acids production Fossil fuel burning, extraction process, transportation process, storage process, Carbon Dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, particulate matter (soot, dust, asbestos fibers, pesticides and metals) Agriculture Animal waste, plant waste Animal waste disposal/processing, rice paddies and wetlands, plant metabolism, land clearing Methane, Carbon monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, particulate matter (dust), VOC Electrical Power generation Electricity Fossil fuel burning, Particulate matters, Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, VOC Mining Quarrying Aggregate Blasting, mining, washing, extraction process Suspended Particulates Matters (SPM); Total suspended particles (TSP); Particulate matters. Wholesale and Retail All consumer products Service station operations, truck filling stations VOC Locations of Main Industrial Sectors With industrialization comes a need for people to benefit with the high level of employment in these areas. The demographic transition cycle in Trinidad and Tobago is fairly predictive with many of the populated areas following the same paths along the industrialized map. (Map 2)In the initial stages of industrial development focus was made on establishing industries in sparsely populated areas. The intention was also to take advantage of the favorable wind direction which would direct most of the air pollutant west ward over (for the most part) approximately 5 miles of uninhabited land space and then to the Gulf, with the intension that the vegetation would be affected in a minor way during the dry season and would be assisted by run off during the rainy season. This idea inadvertently leads to another pollution problem. This proved to be a short term imitative, as these areas soon became an attractive alternative to the long commute thus encouraging the establishment of make- shift villages and shanty towns. This was also fueled by the fact that the southern and eastern main road were in close proximity to these estates. Over time these villages soon became establish resistances acquiring basic utilities and official mailing addresses. The industries were now faced with a new obstacle. They now had to focus their attention to both the environment and the neighboring population. Table 2 identifies the main industrial pollutants found in Trinidad and Tobago and its effects on both the environment and humans. Map 2: Industries and major roadways Table 2: Main Industrial Pollutants and their Adverse Health and Environment Effects POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON HUMANS EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT Carbon Monoxide- CO It is absorbed through the lungs reducing the bloods capacity to transport available oxygen to the tissues. Depending on the exposure level it produces flu like symptoms usually not recognized and may results in death There is minimum effect on the environment. Sulphur Dioxides SO2 Depending on the exposure level it can cause: cause wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath, respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs, it aggravates existing cardiovascular disease. When SO2 combines with water, it forms sulfuric acid, which is the main component of acid rain. When acid rain falls it can cause deforestation, acidify waterways to the detriment of aquatic life. It also corrodes building materials. Acid rain changes the physical appearance of vegetation plants metabolism impaired Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)/Oxides of Nitrogen NOx At low levels it has minimum or no effects on human health. However high levels NO2 can cause respiratory problem, increase a persons susceptibility to, and severity of infections and asthma. It can also affect the sensory system. It is harmful to vegetation, can fade and discolor fabrics, reduce visibility. Vegetation exposure to high levels of NOx can be identified by damage to foliage, decreased growth or reduced crop yield. Volatile Organic Carbon -VOC There are no general health effects of VOC because other gases make up VOCs however some gases may be toxic and/or carcinogen. Levels of exposure and time exposed can cause damage to the liver, kidney and central nervous system. It is known to cause cancer in animals. Suspended Particulates Matters (SPM); Total suspended particles (TSP); Particulate matters. Health effects on SPM in humans depend on the particle size and concentration can cause long term exposure increases the rates of respiratory illness and symptoms. Particulates can accelerate deterioration of surface and material. It has the potential to cause modification of the climate and contributes to acid deposition. Control Strategies Physical, Managerial and Legislative to Air Pollution The visionaries of the early industries focus little on health safety and the environment and this was reflected in the level of controls initiated by the industries. Controls were mainly one dimensional and fail to focus on the holistic views of health safety and environment. Public opinion and outburst resulting from the increasing number of medical complaints and the decrease quality of agriculture produce with allegations pointing towards the emission from these industries, prompted management to use technology to assist in the establishment of more stringent controls. This technology was also instrumental in pinpointing the actual adverse effects as a result of these emissions. Physical Controls The physical control represents the processes responsible for acquisition of raw material, storage, manufacturing and distribution processes. Use of Suppression Techniques The numerous pollutants that emit daily, through smokestacks petrochemical and petroleum industries together with major health effects, force industries to reduce the pollutant at the source. One of the proven ways of reducing these pollutants is installing scrubbers and in other cases bagging houses in the emission system. The use of end -of- pipe technology is being adapted by some industries, it is used to remove already formed contaminants in the air however it is proven to be very expensive and many industries internationally would rather pay the fines for higher emission levels than use this technique. In other words it is regarded as the less of two evils. These techniques force industries to adopt generic prevention strategies and solutions, only resorting to the more expensive techniques when face with dire consequences. Environmental Friendly Process With increasing pressure from environmental activists calling for industries to be more sensitive towards the environment, many industries have restructured their processes whereby recycling waste material as a new raw material to produce a second product. This process has been adapted by Methanol Holding Trinidad Limited (MHTL) were they have constructed an AUM plant. This plant is the first of its kind in Trinidad and Tobago being the most environmental friendly of the MHTL family. This plant comprises a diversified petrochemical complex to manufacture Urea Ammonia Nitrate (UAN) and Melamine using feedstock from integrated urea and ammonia plants. (MHTL) The local cement factory adopted several controls strategies to deal with the air pollution problem within its manufacturing process. A change from blasting to stripping of the main raw material (limestone) aided in the reduction of dust emissions that was affecting the neighboring community at their quarrying central Trinidad. The transportation of the limestone was also change from dry to wet thus also reducing the potential dust particles entering the atmosphere during transportation from quarrying to the process plant. At the out skirts of the processing plant itself major landscaping was done to create hills around the factory adorned by buffer trees with sole intension is to reduce the level of dust exposure to the neighboring community. Managerial Controls Self Regulation These controls consist of policies, systems and standards that govern and manage the organization. The establishments of the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) help management keep focus in order to sustain established targets. Company policies and procedures acts as guidelines to maintain order and structure within the organization. The introduction of ISO standards advertises the companys procedures to the industrial world thus ensuring that whatever measures initially introduced are sustained by the certification audits conducted annually by an international process auditors. Legislative Controls Currently in TT there is no legislation that refers directly to controlling of air pollutant emitted by industries. This is merely due to the fact that early monitoring system generally focus on water and land pollution the understanding of air pollution did not produce tangible evident because of technological short falls. The existing legislation addresses non specific air pollutants like the Petroleum Act (rev. 1980) section 29 (1) (j) prevention of air pollution and the Public health ordinance (1950), section 70 (1) (m) prohibits blacks smoke from chimneys. Even though the EMA was establish and is the countrys sole environmental body responsible for managing, regulating and coordinating environmental matters. The EMA has only managed to draft the Air Pollution Rules 2001 however to date 2010 these rules have not been made law. Trinidad and Tobago being a member of the Commonwealth and the United Nations has benefited from the research and technological advancement from these more developed countries (MDC). Initiatives such as the Montreal Protocol (1989 the control of CFCs) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997 the reduction of Greenhouse Gases) assisted the legislative process of TT by association. The only way legislative was establish was by piggy backing on the achievement of the more developed countries it seems that this was the only way the law maker could have had any impact on defaulters of air pollution in Trinidad. Only when legislation is pass the country can benefit from some effective control measures where polluters are prosecuted and emission limits are set for all industries. Conclusion Trinidad and Tobago historically is a nation of followers there have been very few instances where we were not promoted or assisted in some way or the other in achieving established goals and the topic of pollution is no exception. Have we ever wonder why the one establish air pollution laws stems from a diplomatic relations within the commonwealth and the United Nations or why we had to wait until the advent of OSHA to enforce existing safety laws in our country. The answer is simple we are still waiting to follow no wonder legislation spear headed by locals are treated with scan courtesy. Had these laws been establish in some first world convention they would have been rooted in the seams of our judicial system years ago? Many of the existing pollution laws governing the more develop countries were mainly as a result of international pressure, sadly Trinidad and Tobago is not view as a major polluting nation because of its geographical location and size. Evidence of pollution aware ness is mainly seen in the new establish manufacturing countries whose parent companies originate overseas. It is only amongst of fellow less develops countries and Caribbean members that Trinidad and Tobago is recognize as a polluting nation sadly these countries have little impact on global view. Despite our shortcomings, internally there has been an intensified effort to effectively monitor record, control and enforce pollution reducing systems and strategies. Internationally the over site of Trinidad and Tobago (a country that can easily fit into the Orinoco River with a population that barely exceeds large town in the United States) has not deterred local efforts to manage the levels of air emissions.

Evaluation of Canon’s Strategies Essay

The first part of this investigation involves an evaluation of the strategies used by Canon and the key factors for success. In order to being this review, it is first necessary to consider how the company has performed in recent years. Table 1 provided below provides an overall review of the organization’s performance in recent years. The data clearly suggests that Canon has made notable progress toward developing market share, revenues and profitability. In addition to reducing its debt to asset ratio in 2008, the organization also increased its stockholder equity to assert ratio. Table 1: Key Performance Indicators for Canon, 2004-2008 [pic] Data courtesy of: http://www. canon. com/ir/annual/2008/report2008. pdf Other indicators of Canon’s success are provided in Figures 1 and 2 below. These illustrations provide a review of net sales and ROE/ROA for 2003-2007. Figure 1: Net Sales for CanonFigure 2: ROE/ROA for Canon Data courtesy of: http://www. canon. com/ir/annual/2007/report2007. pdf With the realization that Canon has performed so well in recent years, it is pertinent to consider the specific areas which have promulgated success for the organization. A crucial review of the case information provided on the organization suggests that there are a number of pertinent strategy elements which have been pertinent to the success of the organization. In particular the organization has worked to develop a mission and vision which it has incorporated on all levels of its operations. The development of a guiding mission for the organization is essential for success (Henry 2007). Missions provide the foundation for the development of actionable processes which can be used for moving the organization toward specific goals (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2008). In addition to developing a mission and vision which provided the organization with a directive for action, Canon also developed a firm strategy focused on attainable goals for operations. Specifically, the organization set the specific goal of obtaining 30 percent of the world market by the 1980s. Research regarding the current state of achieving this objective suggests that even though Canon has not been able to maintain a 30 percent market share in the industry, it has overcome competitor Xerox to become second only to Hewlett Packard. Figure 3 below provides a review of global market share for companies competing in Canon’s industry. Figure 3: Global Market Share for Canon and Competitors [pic] (Data courtesy of â€Å"Office electronics industry profile,† 2008, p. 12) The focus on a specific goal for the organization has clearly had an impact on outcomes for operations. By using this specific goal for development, Canon has been able to set clear, measurable objectives which can be evaluated by the organization to determine outcomes. Setting measurable goals is an important component of developing a strategic plan for the organization (Huang, 2009). Measurable goals are viewed as essential to the successful implementation of a strategic plan which provides significant results for the ongoing development of the organization. Another issue which appears to have had notable implications for the successful development of Canon is the use of specific core competencies to ensure the outcomes of operations. In addition to developing a strategic plan which provided clear and measurable objectives, the organization delineated specific core competencies which it has been able to optimize in order to coordinate its strategic objective and achieve its goals. A review of what has been noted regarding the use of core competencies suggests that core competencies can provide the organization with the ability to focus development in particular areas (Zook, 2007). This process, in turn, sets the stage for the development of management practice and shapes how the organization approaches the market and its competitors. Collis and Montgomery (2008) provide a more integral review of core competencies noting the importance of review intended core competencies in the context of the external environment in which an organization competes. As reported by these authors, organizations need to consider the external environment and competitors in developing core competencies. While it is evident that core competencies must meet the internal demands and capabilities of the organization, Collis and Montgomery assert that improper alignment of core competencies in light of competitors and the larger industry in which the organization operates will result in failure of core competencies to be effective. In developing its core competencies, Canon appears to have taken these issues into consideration. The specific outcomes in this area are witnessed by the fact that in the 1970s, Xerox held a majority market share, which it has subsequently lost to Canon. In the 1970s, Canon recognized that the formula for success being used by Xerox was not the same formula which it wanted to pursue in the development of its organization. In this context, Canon chose to pursue a different pathway for competitive development; one which enabled the company to synthesize its internal capabilities with the market environment to create a unique competitive advantage against its largest rival. Because of this process of developing particular core competencies for operations, Canon was able to maximize its internal capabilities and use this as a strategic advantage in the marketplace. In summarizing the overall approach used by Canon to develop its strategic plan and subsequent management processes, it seems reasonable to argue that Canon did more than just place words on paper to establish a foundation for the organization. Rather, the organization developed a comprehensive plan for vision, strategy and development which were implemented on every level of the organization’s operations. In addition to delineating the larger objectives for the organization, Canon developed all of the intermediate steps that would be needed to achieve these objectives. In doing so, the organization aligned all of its activities toward the achievement of the organization’s overall strategy. The development of strategy in this manner is commensurate with what scholars note about the strategic planning and management processes. Kaplan and Norton (2008) assert that the strategy planning and development processes for the organization often end in failure because of the inability of the organization to effectively execute its strategy. Further, these authors assert that strategy failure is common because of implementation problems which manifest as organizations attempt to make critical connections between strategy objectives and specific outcomes which will be achieved to ensure that objectives are reached. Placing this information into the case of Canon, it becomes evident that these issues did not arise. Rather than struggling to implement, the organization developed to tools and resources needed to effectively ensure that it built a foundation which would enable success. It is this specific process which has enabled the success of Cannon. When strategy development is formulated as more than just specific words on paper the end result is the development of a strategic plan which provides concrete action steps for the organization to take. With these action steps in place, the organization is better poised to control the development of the strategic plan and its implementation (Neilson, Martin & Powers, 2008). This element of control in the strategic planning process has been noted to be an important contributor to the success of strategic implementation. When control is established in the strategic planning process, the organization is able to dictate the specific changes which will occur and respond to outcomes in a manner that is commensurate with the capabilities of the company and responsive to the specific external environment which will impact the outcomes of operations. What Other Companies Can Learn With a basic review of the success of Canon in the development of its strategy provided, it is now possible to consider what, if anything, can be learned by other companies from this case. In examining the development and outcomes of Canon, it becomes evident that the specific protocols and practices which have been used by the organization to achieve success should not be mimicked by other companies. Even though Canon has been quite successful in its efforts to develop its products and services, the reality is that other companies cannot expect to use the same formula for success and to achieve the same outcomes achieved by Canon. Other companies have attempted to use this approach in the past—i. . Circuit City, K-Mart, etc. Even though mimicking another organization may provide some benefits in the short-term, the reality is that the outcomes achieved will not provide an organization with a long-term foundation for development. Even though companies examining the case of Canon may not be able to use the same specific tactics employed by the organization, Canon did employ a number of general models for strategic planning and development which could be considere d by other organizations. In particular, the development of core competencies for operations is an important tool which other companies could consider for success. An examination of models for the development of core competencies in the organization suggests that companies need to begin with a core strategy for the development of their operations. Once this core strategy has been delineated, it is then possible to articulate specific areas of organizational development by attaching them directly to the core strategy. Figure 4 on the following page provides a generic model of how core competency development for the organization has been conceptualized in for translation of core competencies into organizational practice. The application of this model to the development of core competency planning for the organization would serve as the foundation for the development of the basic ideas which could then be used for the further development of the organization. Based on the specific core competencies decided upon by the organization, a formal strategic plan for organizational development could be implemented. This plan would need to reflect the development of measurable goals to ensure the overall success of achieving core competencies. Figure 4: Generic Model for Core Competency Planning [pic] Image courtesy of: http://www. ulv. edu/cbpm/business/img/mba_exp_graphic. jpg Once the core competencies for the organization have been delineated, it will then be possible for companies to consider the development of a strategic plan. Examining the specific steps used by Canon, it becomes evident that solid advice for planning and development in this area are provided in the case. In addition to developing a driving vision and mission, the organization also implemented critical success factors which enabled the organization to formulate goals. The goals were codified in the context of action steps which provided a concrete foundation for the organization to achieve success. All of these issues were supported by the core competencies established by the organization. Figure 4 below provides a review of this process and demonstrates how other organizations could effectively adopt this process to generate success in their strategic planning and management processes.